OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at evaluating the possibility of a radiological study of the lumbar spine determining the correct identification of an individual despite the changes associated with aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample included 60 pairs of lumbar spine radiographic images of both male and female, adult patients of different ages, acquired at different times, at three-year minimum intervals. The pairs of images were mixed up so two experienced radiologists could put them back together. The vertebrae of each pair were compared for similarities and differences in anatomical details. Pairing criteria adopted were finding a specific anatomical variation or detail, or finding two or more similarities among anatomical details, with no point of divergence. RESULTS: Correct pairing of radiographs of the whole sample was achieved by both observers, who presented countless coincidence points in their analyses. The statistical analysis demonstrated a good-to-perfect interobserver agreement. CONCLUSION: Comparison between radiographic images of lumbar spine can determine a correct identification of individuals, despite changes associated with aging. Therefore, radiography represents a potential tool to be utilized in forensic identification studies.

Keywords: Radiographic comparison, Identification, Forensic anthropology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the consequences of incomplete necropsy reports of gunshot victims, in cases in which radiological methods were not used to locate the firearm projectiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 8,185 necropsy reports of "Instituto Médico-Legal Afrânio Peixoto", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were reviewed. This corresponds to the total number of corpses of the period from January to December 2001, and 3,122 of these consisted of autopsies of gunshot victims. RESULTS: Out of these 3,122, 309 bodies were buried with the firearm projectiles in its interior, which may lead to legal investigations in the future. In the same period 23 exhumations were requested, 12 of them with the purpose of collecting projectiles. The expenses related to the performance of necropsy exams of gunshot victims were calculated in about U$ 344 whereas the expenses related to the exhumations for the purpose of collecting firearm projectiles were calculated in about U$ 399. These calculations were performed to show the total amount that could be saved and otherwise spent, if legal-medical investigations of gunshot victims were successfully performed at first examination. In conclusion, necropsy examinations of gunshot victims must follow specific protocols, since incomplete necropsies will require posterior exhumations, with unnecessary additional costs.

Keywords: Radiology, Forensic Medicine, Radioscopy, Necropsy, Bullets