Objective: To describe the results of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal study of cases developed in the period between January of 2007 and November of 2009, with 18 patients with venous insufficiency treated with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in a private clinic. The Tessari’s method was utilized to produce the foam and the length of the patients’ follow-up varied from 4 to 44 months. Total occlusion of the treated vein and complete ulcer reepithelialization were the primary outcomes, and the secondary ones were vein caliber reduction, aesthetic improvement and patient’s satisfaction. Results: The rate of total or partial occlusion achieved 83.4% in the first review (55.6% total and 27.8% partial) and 66% (44.4% total and 22.2% partial) among the patients who underwent a second review. The rate of varicose veins occlusion achieved 80% and the rate of ulcer healing achieved 70%. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy has demonstrated to be a safe and effective procedure for the management of chronic venous insufficiency in this group of patients. The incidence of complications was minimal and most of the patients reported satisfaction with the results of the treatment.

Keywords: Varicose ulcer; Varicose veins; Venous insufficiency; Sclerotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of punctures in fine-needle aspiration biopsies required for a safe cytological analysis of thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study with focus on diagnosis. The study population included 94 patients. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 52 years (standard-deviation = 13.7) and 90.4% of them were women. Considering each puncture as an independent event, the first puncture has showed conclusive results in 78.7% of cases, the second, in 81.6%, and the third, in 71.8% of cases. With a view to the increasing chance of a conclusive diagnosis at each new puncture, two punctures have showed conclusive results in 89.5% of cases, and three punctures, in 90.6% of cases with at least one conclusive result. CONCLUSION: Two punctures in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules have lead to diagnosis in 89.5% of cases in the study sample, suggesting that there is no need for multiple punctures to safely obtain the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Keywords: Thyroid nodules; Fine-needle aspiration biopsy; Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease which characteristically affects the joints. Because it is an autoimmune disease, immunosuppressive drugs are widely used in its treatment. The present case report illustrates the association of immunosuppressive treatment with the development of opportunistic infections in a 64-year-old patient.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Immunosuppressive therapy.