Although infection with the Zika virus was first recognized in 1942, it received little attention until 2007, when a true pandemic spread throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Since then, numerous forms of central nervous system involvement have been described, mainly malformations related to congenital infection. Although the neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive of the diagnosis, and radiologists should be prepared to interpret such findings accordingly. The objective of this article is to review the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Computed tomography; Zika virus; Congenital Zika syndrome; Congenital infection.

Hearing disorders are usually unilateral and are more common in women. They can be congenital or acquired, and hearing loss is categorized as sensorineural, conductive, or mixed. The onset of hearing loss can be progressive or sudden, and it is a common reason for seeking medical attention. In this context, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have assumed critical roles in the search for an etiological diagnosis and in guiding the therapeutic approach. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate the common causes of hearing loss, discussing the possible differential diagnoses and highlighting the most relevant imaging findings.

Keywords: Hearing loss; Head and neck neoplasms; Neuroimaging; Tomography, X-ray computed; Magnetic resonance imaging.

The introduction of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the 1980s brought about a drastic change in the treatment of patients with rhinosinusitis, improving quality of life through the removal of pathological processes or anatomical variations that obstruct the drainage pathways of the paranasal sinuses. However, despite the routine use of computed tomography in the anatomical evaluation of the paranasal sinuses, most radiological reports still do not provide sufficient information to guide the surgical planning. The objective of this pictorial essay was to demonstrate, through computed tomography, the main anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses, the recognition of which is fundamental for preoperative planning, in order to avoid treatment failure and iatrogenic complications.

Keywords: Tomography, X-ray computed; Paranasal sinuses; Rhinitis; Sinusitis.