Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm diagnosed by computed tomography and confirmed by anatomopathological examination. We report a case of a patient admitted at Hospital Mater Dei in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, due to fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma, and discuss the clinical, radiological and pathological features of this disease. The conclusions reinforce the importance of radiological imaging for the detection and characterization of hepatic focal neoplasms.

Keywords: Liver neoplasms, Computed tomography diagnosis

Aberrant internal carotid artery is an anomaly of the embryogenesis of the vertical portion of the internal carotid artery, characterized by projection of the internal carotid artery into the middle ear, adjacent to the cochlear promontory. The authors report a case of a patient in which contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography examinations were decisive to adequately characterize the anomaly, thus avoiding instrumental or surgical intervention, which could bear fatal consequences.

Keywords: Vascular malformation, Internal carotid artery, Congenital anomalies, Temporal bone

Secondary middle turbinate is an anatomical variant rarely observed in the nasal cavity, firstly described by Khanobthamchai et al. as a bone structure originating from the lateral nasal wall and covered by soft tissue. In most cases reported in the literature, this variant is bilateral, occurring without associated complications. In the present report, the authors describe the case of patient of their institution with such anatomical variation.

Keywords: Secondary turbinate; Middle turbinate.

Persistent stapedial artery is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs by a failure in the involution of such artery. Most patients with persistent stapedial artery are asymptomatic. The imaging diagnosis is made principally by means of multidetector computed tomography. In the present case, persistent stapedial artery was an incidental computed tomography finding. The authors discuss the embryogenesis, computed tomography findings and the importance of an early diagnosis of such anomaly.

Keywords: Persistent stapedial artery; Congenital; Tomography.

Middle ear cholesteatoma is a relevant and relatively common disease that may have severe consequences. In the present pictorial essay, the authors have selected illustrative examples of multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging depicting the main presentations of cholesteatomas, and describing their characteristics, locations, and major complications.

Keywords: Computed tomography; Middle ear; Cholesteatoma.

A literature review and pictorial essay were developed to discuss the importance of knowing the main findings and locations of otosclerosis at multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The authors performed a retrospective review of cases of otosclerosis diagnosed in their institution by means of high resolution multidetector computed tomography. Otosclerosis corresponds to otic capsule dysplasia characterized by metabolic derangement of its endochondral layer. Such condition constitutes a relevant cause of sensorineural hearing loss, affecting about 7% to 10% of the general population. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but imaging methods play a significant role in the anatomical detailing, differential diagnosis, surgical planning and evaluation of postoperative complications. Among such methods, the relevance of MDCT is highlighted. Radiologists should be familiar with the MDCT findings of otosclerosis, as well as with the temporal bone anatomy to assist in the appropriate clinical management of this disease.

Keywords: Otosclerosis; Otospongiosis; Sensorineural hearing loss; Multidetector computed tomography.