The authors report two cases of pulmonary artery sling diagnosed by three-dimensional reconstruction of images of the tracheobronchial tree and the esophagus acquired using magnetic resonance imaging or helical computer tomography. The typical clinical findings of this congenital abnormality, which may not be as rare as previously believed, include those related to severe tracheobronchial obstruction, although asymptomatic or mild symptomatic cases have been reported. Early diagnosis of this anomaly is extremely important, since in most cases immediate surgical correction is indicated due to its high lethality. The use of three-dimensional reconstruction allows simultaneous identification of the associated tracheobronchial and cardiovascular malformations, in addition to a clear visualization of the anomaly. Thus, the diagnosis can usually be established non-invasively, avoiding the use of the selective angiocardiography, considered the gold-standard.

Keywords: Pulmonary artery sling, Anomalous left pulmonary artery, Tracheal stenosis, Vascular ring, Left pulmonary artery variants

Conjoined twins are rare malformations and a challenge for both radiologists and pediatric surgeons. Antenatal evaluation is essential for the identification of anatomic fusions and other associated abnormalities, which will enable an adequate surgical planning and the assessment of fetal prognosis. The authors present the clinical and imaging findings of thoracopagus twins, joined by the anterior portion of the thorax, sharing the heart and the liver. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography and confirmed with fetal magnetic resonance imaging.

Keywords: Pregnancy twins, Conjoined twins, Imperfect twinning

Pseudoaneurysms are considered rare conditions. The authors describe the rarity of the occurrence of a pseudoaneurysm secondary to traumatic injury of the common carotid artery in association with a femoral osteochondroma. The importance of imaging methods, particularly computed tomography angiography, in the diagnosis of vascular pathologies are emphasized, and the literature is reviewed.

Keywords: Pseudoaneurysm, Carotid, Osteochondroma, Computed tomography angiography