A wide spectrum of congenital anomalies may affect the gastrointestinal tract at any level from the esophagus to the anus. Atresia is an important cause of gastrointestinal obstruction with high morbidity rate in neonates. Different pathogenetic mechanisms could cause this malformation and the two classical explanations are: a defect of recanalization of the intestinal tube or an interruption of blood supply during intrauterine life. The authors present a literature review with an iconographic essay of imaging findings in children with gastrointestinal atresia.

Keywords: Atresia, Children, Pediatrics, Imaging

We report a case of two siblings with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (pachydermoperiostosis). Pachydermoperiostosis represents only 3 to 5 per cent of all cases of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. These patients presented long bone changes on conventional x-ray films including periosteal new bone formation and expansion of the diaphysis.

Keywords: Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, Pachydermoperiostosis, Radiology

Cherubim is a non-neoplastic hereditary bone disease characterized by bilateral, painless enlargements of the mandible and maxilla in children, producing the cherubic appearance. Cherubism may appear as an isolated case or in members of the same family. We report the case of a girl without familial history of cherubism who presented expansile osteolytic lesions in the mandible and maxilla, demonstrated by radiological exams.

Keywords: Cherubism, Mandibular diseases, Radiology, Computed tomography

Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm with clinical and radiological features similar to those of clear cell renal sarcomas. The tumor is formed by layers of malignant spindle cells that show immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of both stromal and epithelial cells, and may also contain mixoid areas of osteoclast-like giant cells, rhabdomyoblast-like pleomorphic cells as well as other rare sarcomatoid components. The authors report a case of sarcomatoid renal carcinoma in a 54-year-old male patient presenting with the classic clinical triad seen on patients with renal cell carcinomas. The typical macroscopic and microscopic features, imaging findings and differential diagnosis with true renal sarcomas are discussed.

Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma, Tumor metaplasia, Computed tomography, Ultrasonography

The terms medullary cystic disease, juvenile nephronophthisis or medullary cystic disease complex refer to a group of similar diseases in which the basic pathological abnormality is progressive renal tubular atrophy with secondary glomerular sclerosis and medullary cystic formation. Medullary cystic disease is an important cause of renal failure in adolescent patients. Imaging methods play a primary role in the diagnosis of these diseases. Cysts are characteristically seen in the renal medulla and corticomedullary junction whereas kidneys may be of normal to small size. In this article we present the ultrasonography and computed tomography findings of a female adolescent patient with characteristic clinical picture of medullary cystic disease.

Keywords: Familial juvenile nephronophthisis, Ultrasonography, Computed tomography