OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of reducing radiation dose in protocols for acquisition of helical computed tomography images in a University Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of radiation doses in computed tomography protocols was performed with phantoms and ionization chamber. Changes in kVp and mAs were proposed, determining the average noise. Protocols with noise values < 1% were submitted to qualitative assessment of contrast and spatial resolution by three observers. RESULTS: Tests of variations were performed with 22 protocols for pediatric skulls, 26 for adult skulls, 28 for abdomen, and 18 for chest. The reduction in dose achieved ranged between 7.4% and13% for pediatric skull, 3.8% and 25% for adult skull, 9.6% and 34.3% for abdomen, 6.4% and 12% for chest. It was also noted that the use of windowing and zoom tools supported the acceptance of images by the observers. CONCLUSION: Radiation dose levels can be reduced by up to 34.4% in comparison with routine protocols, keeping the noise at acceptable levels. The use of digital manipulation tools allowed the acceptance of images with higher noise levels, thus resulting in radiation dose reduction.

Keywords: Computed tomography; Radiation dose reduction; ALARA; Signal-to-noise ratio; CTDI; Optimization.