Leukokoria is an abnormal pupillary reflex most commonly seen in children that usually results from an intra-ocular abnormality. The evaluation of a child with leukokoria should be performed particularly to rule out a retinoblastoma (the cause of leukokoria in half of the cases). The authors present the main clinical and imaging features for the diagnosis of the most common causes of leukokoria.

Keywords: Eye, Leukokoria, Childhood, Ultrasonography, Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging

Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm with clinical and radiological features similar to those of clear cell renal sarcomas. The tumor is formed by layers of malignant spindle cells that show immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of both stromal and epithelial cells, and may also contain mixoid areas of osteoclast-like giant cells, rhabdomyoblast-like pleomorphic cells as well as other rare sarcomatoid components. The authors report a case of sarcomatoid renal carcinoma in a 54-year-old male patient presenting with the classic clinical triad seen on patients with renal cell carcinomas. The typical macroscopic and microscopic features, imaging findings and differential diagnosis with true renal sarcomas are discussed.

Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma, Tumor metaplasia, Computed tomography, Ultrasonography

Callosal dysgenesis is a malformation of the corpus callosum with origins in the embryogenesis of the telencephalon. We reviewed the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of 11 patients with callosal dysgenesis and one patient with normal corpus callosum associated with a lipoma. The patients were divided into three distinct groups: total agenesis (three patients), partial agenesis (six patients) and hypoplasia (two patients). Associated abnormalities were observed in nine patients, including Chiari II malformation (one patient), schizencephaly (one patient), interhemispheric cyst (two patients), Dandy-Walker cyst (one patient), nodular heterotopy (one patient) and lipoma of the corpus callosum (four patients). This paper presents a review that may contribute to the diagnosis of these disorders.

Keywords: Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, Brain malformation, Developmental anomalies, Lipoma of the corpus callosum