In this study we reviewed the technique for ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and its benefits in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was performed in 63 patients referred to the Department of Radiology of "Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro", Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between August 2001 and June 2002. Fifty-eight (92%) of the patients were female and five patients (8%) were male; 11:1 female/male ratio. Thirty-one patients (49%) had 50-60 years of age and 89% of the patients showed multiple nodules on ultrasound; only 11% of the patients had single nodules. The cytological reports of the aspirated nodules showed that 47% of the nodules were benign, 31% suspected, 17% inadequate material and only 5% malignant. The cytological diagnosis of all malignant nodules (three patients) was papillary carcinoma. Among the benign nodules, 93% were diagnosed as nodular hyperplasia and only 7% had were diagnosed as thyroiditis. Among the patients with inadequate material, 70% were hemorrhagic, and 30% were hypocellular. The findings observed in this study are concordant with the results in the medical literature.

Keywords: Thyroid nodule, Fine needle aspiration, Interventional ultrasound, Prospective studies