Placenta accreta spectrum disorders are characterized by abnormal adhesion of the placenta that can be subdivided into three categories according to degree of invasion: placenta accreta (passing through the decidua basalis and adhering to the myometrium); placenta increta (penetrating the myometrium); and placenta percreta (invading the uterine serosa or adjacent tissues or organs). The incidence of placenta accreta has increased significantly in recent decades, mainly because of an increase in the rates of cesarean section, which is its main risk factor. Accurate prenatal identification makes it possible to institute the ideal treatment with a multidisciplinary team, significantly minimizing maternal morbidity and mortality. The examinations of choice are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When the ultrasound evaluation is inconclusive, as well as when the patient has risk factors for the condition or the placenta is in a posterior location, MRI is indicated. In cases of placental invasion of the adjacent pelvic organs, MRI is also preferable because it provides a broader field of view, which improves surgical planning. Numerous features of placenta accreta spectrum disorders are discernible on MRI, including dark intraplacental bands, uterine bulging, and heterogeneous placenta. Knowledge of these findings and the combination of two or more of them increase confidence in the diagnosis.

Keywords: Placenta accreta; Placenta diseases; Magnetic resonance imaging.

Chest scans usually include the upper abdomen, leading radiologists to evaluate the upper abdominal structures. The aim of this article is to summarize the most common incidental upper abdominal findings that do not require further imaging or management in patients undergoing unenhanced computed tomography of the chest for the investigation of thoracic symptoms or diseases. We review common incidental findings of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, adrenal glands, kidney, and retroperitoneum, as well as findings that mimic other lesions. Thoracic radiologists should be aware of such typical findings and report when no further investigation is needed, thus avoiding unnecessary imaging examinations, protecting patients from additional medical interventions, and allaying patient concerns.

Keywords: Incidental findings; Diagnostic imaging; Abdomen/diagnostic imaging; Tomography, X-ray computed.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and liver size in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), as well as to explore the role of determining the craniocaudal diameter of the right hepatic lobe (CCDHL), measured at the midclavicular line, and liver volumetry as complementary tools in the assessment of hepatic steatosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, prospective study including 289 patients with MASLD who underwent multiparametric MRI for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis, which was categorized by the MRI-PDFF value. Liver size measurements included the CCDHL, liver volume from automated segmentation, and its difference from the total expected liver volume (eLV), calculated with the Vauthey formula.
RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was observed between the MRI-PDFF and liver size measurements, including the CCDHL (rs = 0.651; p < 0.001) and the eLV (rs = 0.568; p < 0.001). Patients with higher grades of steatosis showed a progressive increase in liver volume (p < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for the CCDHL and for the eLV in identifying moderate-to-severe steatosis (area under the curve: 0.76 and 0.83, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The integrated assessment of the MRI-PDFF and liver size appears to be effective for the diagnosis, stratification, and monitoring of steatosis in patients with MASLD.

Keywords: Fatty liver; Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging; Biomarkers; Liver/diagnostic imaging; Liver/physiopathology.